<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0' version='2.0'><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2010 03:15:15 +0000</lastBuildDate><title>Dopage du Jour</title><description>All the dope on the dopes who dope, allegedly</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>218</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-3096167994621429165</guid><pubDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2010 03:15:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-26T03:15:15.543Z</atom:updated><title>This blog has moved</title><description>&lt;br /&gt;       This blog is now located at http://dopagedujour.blogspot.com/.&lt;br /&gt;       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click &lt;a href='http://dopagedujour.blogspot.com/'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to&lt;br /&gt;       http://dopagedujour.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-3096167994621429165?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/03/this-blog-has-moved.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-8684800966287311731</guid><pubDate>Sun, 21 Mar 2010 23:06:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-21T23:06:35.430Z</atom:updated><title>David Clinger pinged 2 years for testosterone</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;In cycle sport bulking up doesn't help much at all, unless perhaps you are a track sprinter. So when a roadie or MTBer gets pinged there's usually a different story; often it's a desire to come back quickly after an injury. The alternative explanation is that a testosterone patch helps post-race or heavy training load recovery, something that is unproven but widely believed. Unproven it may be, however if you do believe it works, for you it probably does. It's that old mind-over-matter thing.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/clinger-given-two-year-suspension-for-doping'&gt;Clinger Given Two-year Suspension For Doping | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Positive test at 2009 US elite road nationals&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) announced today that an American Arbitration Association/Court of Arbitration for Sport (AAA/CAS) panel issued its decision that David Clinger receive a two-year suspension for doping violations. &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=a0221f5a-3c07-8efd-b870-edaa85e1d4a7' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-8684800966287311731?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/03/david-clinger-pinged-2-years-for.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-2040027457516239862</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:16:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-12T12:16:54.235Z</atom:updated><title>UCI blood profiling catches out Szczepaniak brothers</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/szczepaniak-brothers-positive-for-epo-at-cyclo-cross-worlds'&gt;Szczepaniak Brothers Positive For EPO At Cyclo-cross Worlds | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"Polish top two in Under-23 race provisionally suspended&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Polish brothers Pawel and Kacper Szczepaniak, who finished first and second in this year's under 23 cyclo-cross World Championship, have returned positive results for EPO, in controls carried out at the event which took place in Tabor, Czech Republic in January."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=06085462-a2de-8409-a37f-d50fbf1c8337' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-2040027457516239862?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/03/uci-blood-profiling-catches-out.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-2059715295765640476</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:15:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-12T12:15:20.433Z</atom:updated><title>Bosisio to face 2 year ban for EPO?</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/coni-requests-two-year-ban-for-bosisio'&gt;CONI Requests Two-year Ban For Bosisio | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;"Former LPR Brakes rider to front TNA hearing in April&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The Italian Olympic Committee (CONI) has requested a two-year ban for former LPR Brakes rider Gabriele Bosisio, who will face the Italian Anti-doping Tribunal (TNA) next month.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Bosisio, 29, tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition test conducted on September 2, 2009. The test was a targeted control, carried out by the International Cycling Union (UCI), which had detected irregularities in his biological passport blood profile."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=ba140a11-63fc-8bd9-be60-64f876fa2f98' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-2059715295765640476?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/03/bosisio-to-face-2-year-ban-for-epo.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-491114587745983441</guid><pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 04:17:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-24T04:17:09.557Z</atom:updated><title>First-ever successful Human Growth Hormone test nabs a Rugby League player</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/new-test-for-human-growth-hormone-nabs-first-athlete'&gt;New Test For Human Growth Hormone Nabs First Athlete | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;In a landmark case, UK Anti-Doping announced that rugby league player Terry Newton has accepted a two-year suspension after testing positive for hGH in an out-of-competition control carried out on November 24, 2009 . This is the first time an athlete has been sanctioned for hGH use.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=708e3436-9eb5-86a5-82e1-06599183a906' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-491114587745983441?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/02/first-ever-successful-human-growth.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-8589258358350115379</guid><pubDate>Sun, 14 Feb 2010 03:32:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-14T03:32:56.266Z</atom:updated><title>Ratti positive, provisionally</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;Has the biological passport caught another rider?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ratti-tests-positive-for-epo'&gt;"Ratti Tests Positive For EPO | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The International Cycling Union (UCI) has announced the provisional suspension of De Rosa-Stac Plastic rider Eddy Ratti after he returned positive test results for EPO.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The 32 year-old Italian tested positive for the illegal blood booster in an out-of-competition urine test conducted on January 21. The sample was analysed at the World Anti-Doping Agency's approved laboratory in Lausanne, Switzerland.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The UCI announced that Ratti's test had been carried out as part of his profile for the biological passport programme."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=3079508f-dc13-8cc2-9e7b-4b83ac5af84e' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-8589258358350115379?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/02/ratti-positive-provisionally.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-4017147630967860927</guid><pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 03:39:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-31T03:39:48.861Z</atom:updated><title>Rossi denies CERA use, cites breast-feeding as proof ('I wouldn't do that to my baby')</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/riccos-partner-denies-taking-epo-cera'&gt;Ricco's Partner Denies Taking EPO CERA | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Riccardo Riccò's girlfriend has denied taking the banned blood-boosting drug EPO CERA, revealing she breast fed her baby boy just before undergoing the anti-doping test on January 10 that showed the positive test.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The Italian Olympic Committee announced on Friday that Vania Rossi failed a test for EPO CERA after she finished second at the Italian national cyclo-cross championships. Ricco tested positive for the same drug at the 2008 Tour de France.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=75290237-89bc-800e-8812-10a23f447e01' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-4017147630967860927?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/01/rossi-denies-cera-use-cites-breast.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-8666979382083738946</guid><pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2010 03:37:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-31T03:37:38.200Z</atom:updated><title>Zirbel's B positive for DHEA</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/zirbel-confirms-b-sample-is-also-positive'&gt;Zirbel Confirms B Sample Is Also Positive | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Just a month after he announced he had returned a non-negative test for DHEA at the 2009 USPRO TT championships, American rider Tom Zirbel has confirmed that his B-sample analysis is also positive.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=06718ab4-8ac0-8ec5-8125-c7030cfed122' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-8666979382083738946?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/01/zirbel-b-positive-for-dhea.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-1174486289195791894</guid><pubDate>Sat, 30 Jan 2010 03:46:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-30T03:46:46.228Z</atom:updated><title>Making it a family affair? Over-eager to get fit after a pregnancy?</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/riccos-partner-positive-for-cera'&gt;Riccò's Partner Positive For CERA | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Riccardo Riccò's partner Vania Rossi has tested positive for EPO CERA, the Italian Olympic Committee announced via its website on Friday.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=3a5679c1-c24e-8b06-b7c9-139f881b3f02' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-1174486289195791894?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/01/making-it-family-affair-over-eager-to.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-7015773452504317389</guid><pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2010 23:38:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-18T23:38:35.583Z</atom:updated><title>Ricco to return, despite criticism</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ricco-shrugs-off-cavendish-criticism'&gt;Riccò Shrugs Off Cavendish Criticism | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Riccò’s 20-month ban for taking the banned blood boosting drug ends on March 18, just two days before Milano-Sanremo, which he hopes to ride. On Friday Riccò is expected to be the star of the Flaminia team presentation in Italy.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=a7d70568-54cd-8cf4-98bb-d0094a7b7aa9' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-7015773452504317389?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/01/ricco-to-return-despite-criticism.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-3507115794316223256</guid><pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2010 23:36:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-18T23:36:15.762Z</atom:updated><title>s the unofficial doping penalty - no-one wants to risk it by signing you (almost no-one, anyway)</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/rasmussen-aims-for-top-ten-in-san-luis'&gt;Rasmussen Aims For Top Ten In San Luis | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;When asked to compare his punishment to the others cyclists who have served the maximum two-year suspensions, Rasmussen said plainly, "They have to find a way to justify kicking me out. If you ask me, you cannot take the probable winner of the Tour de France out four days before the end of the race and just give him a slap on the wrist and let him race again two weeks after. When you make a decision that radical you have to have him disappear for life."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=c9f06c7f-94c1-821e-b2ff-00b3787840ed' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-3507115794316223256?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/01/s-unofficial-doping-penalty-no-one.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-6995463336168310384</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 Jan 2010 20:37:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-01-06T20:37:41.611Z</atom:updated><title>Axelsson positive for EPO - again? Last gasp of a 36 yo...</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;36 is not really old, but it must be tempting to 'top up' your training when you reach the twilight years... &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/axelsson-positive-for-epo-faces-lifetime-ban'&gt;Axelsson Positive For EPO, Faces Lifetime Ban | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Swedish rider Niklas Axelsson has tested positive for EPO for the second time in his career. The 36-year-old returned the positive control from a doping control conducted in September. He now faces a lifetime ban if the B-sample confirms the result.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=a1110bce-e82b-8726-80f3-ad224aa3b8b0' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-6995463336168310384?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2010/01/axelsson-positive-for-epo-again-last.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-7154013223886506552</guid><pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2009 04:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-28T04:43:37.126Z</atom:updated><title>Zirbel DHEA-positive but denies</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;Zirbel denies knowingly taking it... if he did take it he may have been boosting his immune system. Any other theories?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/zirbel-announces-positive-for-dhea'&gt;Zirbel Announces Positive For DHEA | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Tom Zirbel has announced he tested positive in an anti-doping test conducted by the United States Anti Doping Association (USADA) following the US Pro time trial championships on August 29, 2009. The A-sample returned positive for an endogenous steroid Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Zirbel awaits the response of the B sample.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=af1443fe-d101-84b8-8d73-2771a8b76a76' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-7154013223886506552?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/12/zirbel-dhea-positive-but-denies.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-3417781796870256629</guid><pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2009 02:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-24T02:59:13.837Z</atom:updated><title>Astana 2009 squad in French sights again - once more, repeat with feeling</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;They won't get access to the DNA fingerprints and nothing will ever be proved. Same old same old.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/french-agency-targets-astana-for-illegal-transfusion-kit'&gt;French Agency Targets Astana For Illegal Transfusion Kit | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Syringes seized during Tour de France show seven DNA fingerprints&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;An investigation into medical equipment seized by French police during the Tour de France is closing in on the Astana team. A new report by Le Monde states that the Central Office against Environmental Damage and Public Health (OCLAESP) will focus any further proceedings on the Astana team after finding insufficient evidence against other teams.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=cfe93007-466b-8573-8c8b-9b14c718d6e0' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-3417781796870256629?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/12/astana-2009-squad-in-french-sights.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-2234778558824938876</guid><pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:34:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-19T00:34:58.064Z</atom:updated><title>The 'whereabouts' rule catches out pro tennis players too</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;It's not just pro cyclists like &lt;a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Rasmussen' target='_blank'&gt;'Chicken' Rasmussen&lt;/a&gt; who have trouble pin-pointing where they will be, apparently some pro tennis players are location-challenged as well... &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://wwos.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=973091'&gt;Belgian duo appeal against doping bans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Malisse and compatriot Yanina Wickmayer, the US Open semi-finalist, were both suspended by the Flemish Doping Tribunal (VDT) for failing to comply with the "whereabouts" rule, which ensures that they are available for out-of competition testing.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=f5c9e6f2-3012-83a4-89b2-4f185f8abf33' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-2234778558824938876?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/11/rule-catches-out-pro-tennis-players-too.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-640991610973596498</guid><pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 23:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-02T23:26:44.794Z</atom:updated><title>Keisse cleared of probable pseudoephedrine-related charge</title><description>&lt;div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'&gt;Put this one in the 'I told you I had a cold and took a symptom-reducing tablet' basket. (Cathine can be found as a by-product of pseudoephedrine breakdown.)  &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href='http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/keisse-doping-charges-dismissed'&gt;Keisse Doping Charges Dismissed | Cyclingnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The doping charges against track rider Iljo Keisse were dismissed Monday by the Belgian cycling federation. Keisse tested positive for cathine and HCT during the Six Days of Gent in November 2008 but it was ruled that there was insufficient scientific evidence that he knowingly used doping products.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div class='zemanta-pixie'&gt;&lt;img src='http://img.zemanta.com/pixy.gif?x-id=e99925ed-d2e2-8bc9-80ed-7adec82c514d' alt='' class='zemanta-pixie-img'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-640991610973596498?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/11/keisse-cleared-of-probable.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-4499260317435690653</guid><pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-10-13T21:48:12.333Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>VDB</category><title>Vale VDB</title><description>Sorry to hear of VDB's death, which is &lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/drugs-found-by-vandenbrouckes-bed"&gt;currently under investigation&lt;/a&gt;.  Speculation really gets us nowhere, and it's far too early to know exactly why or how.  Let's just say his was a wonderful talent, but that he possibly pushed himself - or was pushed by others - too far.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-4499260317435690653?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/10/vale-vdb.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-7777129891348660416</guid><pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:03:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-10-13T21:09:46.066Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>syringes</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Astana</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Le Tour</category><title>Astana 2009 - we all know they were clean, now they'll prove it</title><description>I'm sure the Astana team will welcome this great opportunity to prove that they won Le Tour&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/astana-under-investigation-in-france"&gt; fair and square&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the record, several teams are in focus for their controlled syringe disposals, with Astana singled out at the moment as syringe content is tested. In all likelihood no team would be so - umm, what's the word,  stupid? - as to dispose of "foreign" syringes in the safe, controlled disposal system.  Of course it only takes one individual to make a mistake.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alternatively someone - this is the conspiratorial theorist at play now - could be setting Astana up for a fall. Which would be both wrong and diabolical, yes?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-7777129891348660416?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/10/astana-2009-we-all-know-they-were-clean.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-6266626203223897995</guid><pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 13:39:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-18T13:45:28.479Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Tour de l'Avenir</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Ukraine</category><title>Not to mention the Ukrainians who were pinged for 'banned substances'</title><description>Well I never. Fancy the Ukranians pulling their team out of the Tour de l'Avenir after 3 'individual' offences and a team 'therapist' allegedly 'practising medicine'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-de-lavenir-riders-indicted-for-doping-offense"&gt;The Ukrainian team did not start the race's eighth stage on Saturday, and were subjected to an anti-doping control after the two men were detained by customs officials on Friday in Saint-Sauveur, and were found in possession of suspect products and syringes. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No names or specific drugs mentioned.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-6266626203223897995?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/09/not-to-mention-ukrainians-who-were.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-4964588702526361901</guid><pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 13:28:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-18T13:30:59.379Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Nozal</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Guerra</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>CERA</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Ribeiro</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>EPO</category><title>Been quiet for a while - then BANG! Ribeiro, Nozal and Guerra positive for CERA</title><description>What can I say? Legalise it? Control it? Ban it? Pick one, or perhaps 2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ribeiro-nozal-and-guerra-positive-for-cera"&gt;The winner of the Tour of Portugal and two of his teammates have tested positive for EPO-CERA. The Continental team Liberty Seguros has been hit with three doping cases, as Nuno Ribeiro, Isidro Nozal and Hector Guerra all tested positive for EPO-CERA in controls prior to the Tour of Portugal last month. Team manager Vito Paulo Branco has confirmed the positive findings.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-4964588702526361901?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/09/been-quiet-for-while-then-bang-ribeiro.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-8502153931969376087</guid><pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2009 06:11:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-01T06:13:33.906Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>O'Bee</category><title>KIrk O'Bee says sorry for something</title><description>We don't know what for but he's sorry anyway...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/bissell-sacks-obee-for-contract-violation"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Bissel Pro Cycling has announced the immediate dismissal of rider Kirk O’Bee for violation of his contract, implying that the rider has broken anti-doping regulations. While the team didn’t go in to details on O’Bee’s violation, it added that the rider is working with the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) and World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to resolve his ‘violation’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-8502153931969376087?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/08/kirk-obee-says-sorry-for-something.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-6538451534237146687</guid><pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-01T00:26:33.392Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>CERA</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Astarloza</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>EPO</category><title>This had to happen eventually - the post-Tour drug debacle</title><description>Here we go again. Innocent until proven guilty, as always. Mud sticks, though.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-stage-winner-astarloza-suspended-after-failed-doping-test"&gt;On Friday, the UCI announced that Astarloza tested positive for recombinant EPO, a blood booster, in an out-of-competition control. He is the second rider from the Euskaltel-Euskadi team to return a positive doping control in June. Inigo Landaluze was suspended &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-stage-winner-astarloza-suspended-after-failed-doping-test"&gt;in July after twice testing positive for EPO CERA.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-6538451534237146687?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/08/this-had-to-happen-eventually-post-tour.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-286899796530512494</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 22:15:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-07-27T22:23:23.347Z</atom:updated><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Tour 2008</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>CERA</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>Le Tour</category><category domain='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#'>biological passport</category><title>15 Le Tour 2008 samples to be retested</title><description>We already knew that 30 riders were in the frame for biological passport anomalies, now we know that 15 riders  are being targeted from the 2008 Tour de France as well. (There may or may not be some overlap here as we have different agencies at work - seemingly competing for top prize in dope sleuthing.) An earlier unconfirmed suggestion was that the 15 were targeted from the top 20 riders in last year's tour. If true, there will be some &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;big names&lt;/span&gt; here... and none of them will be from Astana...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/afld-to-re-examine-some-2008-tour-urine-samples"&gt;The French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD) will re-examine urine samples from the 2008 Tour de France according to comments made on Sunday by the agency's President, Pierre Bordry. "Before this year's Tour start in Monaco, we warned some 15 riders that in conformity with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) code, we would analyze retrospectively (the) samples taken in the 2008 Tour," Bordry told Reuters.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-286899796530512494?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/07/15-2008-samples-to-be-retested.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-7917032565779953334</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 03:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-07-27T03:59:35.257Z</atom:updated><title>Cyclocrosser Albert thinks it impossible to win w/o dope</title><description>Well ain't that a shock? A cyclocrosser - albeit a really good one - thinks that the top road guys can't win Le Tour without some assistance. Well it &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;could&lt;/span&gt; be training, teamwork, nutrition - &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;whatever&lt;/span&gt; - but it &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;could&lt;/span&gt; also be something else. How would &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;we&lt;/span&gt; know. How does &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Albert&lt;/span&gt; know?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&amp;amp;prev=_t&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Farchivo.marca.com%2Fedicion%2Fmarca%2Fciclismo%2Fes%2Fdesarrollo%2F1184421.html&amp;amp;sl=es&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;history_state0="&gt;Google Translate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;: "The Belgian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"&gt; Niels Albert&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;, current world number one Cyclo, in an interview with Belgian magazine Humo commented that winning the Tour de France without doping is impossible. Albert, nacido hace 22 años y actualmente en las filas del equipo Palmans, en la entrevista, entre otras cosas dice que 'para ganar el Tour hay que utilizar buenos productos. Es una carrera muy dura, de tres semanas en la que los cambios de ritmo son continuos, llano, montaña, sol, frío y la media final de la carrera es de unos 42 kilómetros por hora'. Albert, born 22 years ago and now in the ranks of the team Palmans, in the interview, among other things says that 'to win the Tour you have to use good products. It is a very tough race in three weeks in which the changes rates are continuous, flat, mountain, sun, cold and final half of the race is about 42 kilometers per hour. '&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;El ciclista belga, que lidera en estos momentos la Copa del Mundo y el Trofeo Superprestigio de ciclocross, dice que 'esta modalidad ciclista es diferente. Una hora de competición también en circuitos y condiciones climatológicas que no siempre son iguales, pero después hay tiempo para recuperar hasta la próxima prueba'. The Be"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-7917032565779953334?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/07/cyclocrosser-albert-thinks-it.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33357105.post-3638467020895826416</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 03:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-07-27T03:55:52.811Z</atom:updated><title>Ex-Serbian cycling coach arrested in doping raid</title><description>Just thought that this was interesting... obviously no comment of course...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iKos5vQcu3BNxFCBFNrNhW_BXUygD99FGI782"&gt;The Associated Press: Cops arrest ex-Serbia cycling coach in doping raid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;: "ROME — Italian police have arrested Serbia's former national cycling coach in an alleged doping ring involving both professional and amateur riders in northeastern Italy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Police in Padua said in a statement Thursday that another 30 people were suspected of being involved in the doping ring, including 12 professional cyclists, executives of pharmaceutical companies and three directors of cycling teams. They are suspected of smuggling banned substances, including the banned blood booster CERA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Police allege that Alexandar Nikacevic, the former Serbia coach, had a central role in the ring. Most of the other suspects were Italian."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33357105-3638467020895826416?l=gtveloce.com%2FA' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gtveloce.com/A/2009/07/ex-serbian-cycling-coach-arrested-in.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (gtveloce)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              